A turbocharger, colloquially dubbed a ‘turbo’ is a centrifugal compressor. Compression of gases is brought about by a turbine, driven forced induction of engine’s exhaust gas i.e. exhaust gas recirculation. The turbochargers are popularly used with combustion engines e.g.: four stroke engines like ones with Otto and Diesel cycles. Diesel Turbocharger gains immense torque (even at lower rpm) and thus generate a lot of horse powers of energy without significant increase in the weight of the chassis, acting as boons in cutting down emissions and utilizing the gases masterfully to draw out the most of power thus maximizing fuel efficiency through tuned induction particularly in racing cars. They are useful in fuel cells where they are used with external combustion engines.
The turbochargers use the exhaust flowing from the engine to spin the respective turbines which in its turn spin the following air pumps. The turbochargers can spin at whopping speeds of up to 150,000 rotations per minute i.e. about 30 times as fast as a car’s engine can speed up to. Since it is linked to the exhaust, so the temperature in the turbochargers tend to shoot up by quite a big margin, which is why the cars are not sprinted for too long and only used primarily in racing.
In Diesel Turbocharger incidences of engine knocking or pre ignition or detonation may scavenge the efficiency of the engines. However technological advancement has led to inception of actuator controlled waste gates to relieve boosted pressure in the compressor unit to deal with discrepancies pertaining to enough heat/pressure occupying the engines.

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